将方程左右两边都乘上 1xx21-x-x^2

1F2n+1x2nF2nx2n+1=01-F_{2n+1}x^{2n}-F_{2n}x^{2n+1}=0 x2n(F2n+1+F2nx)=1x^{2n}(F_{2n+1}+F_{2n}x)=1

将方程左边设为函数:

A(x)=x2n(F2n+1+F2nx)A(x)=x^{2n}(F_{2n+1}+F_{2n}x)

(25 分)

  • A(0)=0A(0)=0
  • A(512)=1A\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{5}-1}{2}\right)=1
  • x+x \to +\inftyA(x)+A(x) \to +\infty
  • x>0x > 0A(x)>0A'(x) > 0

经检验 x=512x=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}-1}{2} 是增根,故方程在 [0,+)[0, +\infty) 上无实根。

(50 分)

  • A(F2n+1F2n)=0A\left(-\dfrac{F_{2n+1}}{F_{2n}}\right)=0
  • x<2nF2n+1(2n+1)F2nx < -\dfrac{2nF_{2n+1}}{(2n+1)F_{2n}}A(x)>0A'(x) > 0

故方程在 (,F2n+1F2n]\left(-\infty, -\dfrac{F_{2n+1}}{F_{2n}}\right] 上无实根。

(75 分)

  • A(5+12)=1A\left(-\dfrac{\sqrt{5}+1}{2}\right)=1
  • x<2nF2n+1(2n+1)F2nx < -\dfrac{2nF_{2n+1}}{(2n+1)F_{2n}}A(x)>0A'(x) > 0
  • x=2nF2n+1(2n+1)F2nx = -\dfrac{2nF_{2n+1}}{(2n+1)F_{2n}}A(x)=0A'(x) = 0
  • $x \in \left(-\dfrac{2nF_{2n+1}}{(2n+1)F_{2n}},0\right)$ 时 A(x)<0A'(x) < 0
  • 2nF2n+1(2n+1)F2nQ-\dfrac{2nF_{2n+1}}{(2n+1)F_{2n}} \in \mathbb Q
  • 5+12Q-\dfrac{\sqrt{5}+1}{2} \notin \mathbb Q

经检验 x=1+52x=-\dfrac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2} 是增根,故方程在 (F2n+1F2n,0)\left(-\dfrac{F_{2n+1}}{F_{2n}}, 0\right) 上有唯一实根。

综上,方程存在唯一实根,命题得证!

(100 分)